Guided meditation
A structured practice that uses a teacher or recording to direct attention through breath, sensation, imagery, sound, or reflection.
- The guidance reduces the burden of deciding what to do next during a session.
- Compare the pace, language, length, and sensory demands with the participant's preferences.
- Guidance does not measure whether a physiological change occurred.
Biofeedback
A training process that measures a physiological signal and returns information about it to the participant in near real time.
- The returned signal can make a normally subtle response easier to notice while practicing a strategy.
- Ask which signal is measured, how it is collected, and what action the learner is expected to test.
- A displayed change is not automatically a diagnosis or proof of a broad health benefit.
Physiological signal
A measurable body process such as heart-rate pattern, breathing rate, skin conductance, muscle activity, or peripheral temperature.
- Each signal reflects a limited process and can also change for reasons unrelated to the training goal.
- Interpret the signal with posture, movement, room conditions, medication, and emotional context in mind.
- One signal cannot represent the whole nervous system or explain every symptom.
Feedback loop
The repeated sequence of measuring a signal, showing it to the learner, trying a response, and observing what changes.
- Learning depends on linking an intentional action with a consistent and interpretable change.
- A useful session gives the participant enough time to try, observe, and repeat without chasing every fluctuation.
- A noisy or delayed loop can teach the wrong association.
Attentional cue
A word, sound, image, or timing instruction that brings attention back to the chosen object of practice.
- Guided meditation relies on cues when attention wanders, while biofeedback may use cues alongside measured information.
- Notice whether prompts help reorientation or become distracting, demanding, or emotionally uncomfortable.
- A cue organizes attention; it does not verify calm, concentration, or physiological control.
Transfer
The ability to use a practiced skill outside the recording, sensor, clinic, or training session.
- A method has limited practical value if the user cannot recognize when and how to apply the skill independently.
- Test transfer in ordinary low-risk situations before relying on the technique during intense stress.
- Improvement during a device session does not guarantee durable change in daily life.