Attentional anchor
An attentional anchor is the selected activity or sensation to which a person intentionally returns after recognizing distraction.
- It makes focus training about a specific act rather than a vague state of concentration.
- Check whether the exercise repeatedly asks the user to reorient toward that anchor.
- An anchor does not test memory, speed, or reasoning by itself.
Training domain
A training domain is the named cognitive function that an exercise is designed to challenge, such as working memory or task switching.
- It distinguishes broad cognitive practice from generic claims about mental performance.
- Match the domain to the observed difficulty before selecting a program.
- A label supplied by an app may not perfectly describe its actual demands.
Adaptive challenge
Adaptive challenge is a rule that changes exercise difficulty according to recent responses, often by adding items, speeding presentation, or reducing help.
- It can keep practice engaging without making every attempt identical.
- Review how the adjustment changes errors and strategy, not merely the level reached.
- Automatic difficulty can outrun tolerance or obscure a poor skill match.
Return quality
Return quality describes how promptly and accurately the user re-engages with the intended task after attention wanders.
- It provides a practical target for focus-oriented practice.
- Observe return quality during reading or work, not only inside a feedback exercise.
- A quick return may still be ineffective if comprehension is lost.
Practice effect
A practice effect is improved performance caused by familiarity with instructions, controls, item patterns, or scoring rather than a broader cognitive change.
- It is a major alternative explanation for rising training scores.
- Use new but equivalent material and keep outside outcomes separate from game levels.
- Practice effects can coexist with genuine learning and are difficult to isolate completely.
Far transfer
Far transfer is improvement on an unpracticed ability or daily activity that differs meaningfully from the training exercise.
- It represents a stronger claim than getting better at the game itself.
- Demand a specific outside measure before describing broad benefit.
- Evidence from one transfer task remains narrow and may not last.